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spring中使用 Mockito 和 Spring MockMVC 在模拟中 stub 两个方法会抛出异常

2024年11月24日6kuangbin

我正在尝试设置一些简单的 MVC 单元测试。我想要完成的是:

  • 使用 Spring MockMVC 测试 HTTP 状态和从我的 Controller 返回的 HTTP 数据。
  • 我的 Controller 有一个对执行实际逻辑的外观的自动连线引用。
  • 因此，我创建一个测试类来测试一个 Controller 。
  • 我想测试该 Controller 的两个方法，因此我在 Test 类中创建了两个方法。
  • 我已经模拟了我的外观并将其注入(inject)到我的 Controller 中。
  • 因此，我想使用我正在测试的每个方法的返回来配置此模拟。

我正在使用以下代码:

public class LoginTest { 
 
    MockMvc mockMvc; 
 
    @Mock 
    Cadastre facade; 
 
    @InjectMocks 
    Login controller; 
 
    @Before 
    public void setup() { 
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this); 
        Mockito.when(facade.login(Mockito.any(String.class))).thenReturn(true); 
        Mockito.when(facade.getUser(Mockito.any(String.class))).thenReturn(Mockito.any(UserData.class)); 
 
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(controller).setMessageConverters(new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter()).build(); 
    } 
 
    @Test 
    public void thatLoginUsesStatusOK() throws Exception { 
        this.mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get(UserFixtures.loginUrl())).andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()); 
    } 
 
    @Test 
    public void thatUserDataUsesStatusOK() throws Exception { 
        this.mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get(UserFixtures.getUserDataUrl())).andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()); 
    } 
}

如果我尝试执行此测试类，它会失败并出现错误:

org.mockito.exceptions.misusing.InvalidUseOfMatchersException:  
Invalid use of argument matchers! 
1 matchers expected, 2 recorded: 
-> at com.example.test.api.login.LoginTest.setup(LoginTest.java:38) 
-> at com.example.test.api.login.LoginTest.setup(LoginTest.java:39) 
 
This exception may occur if matchers are combined with raw values: 
    //incorrect: 
    someMethod(anyObject(), "raw String"); 
When using matchers, all arguments have to be provided by matchers. 
For example: 
    //correct: 
    someMethod(anyObject(), eq("String by matcher")); 
 
For more info see javadoc for Matchers class. 
 
    at com.example.test.api.login.LoginTest.setup(LoginTest.java:39) 
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) 
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) 
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) 
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:601) 
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:47) 
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) 
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:44) 
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:24) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:271) 
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:70) 
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

如果我将每个模拟方法行(Mock.when 行)移动到其 test() 方法内，并单独调用此测试方法，它们就会起作用。但是，如果我尝试执行整个类，则只有一个 test() 方法有效，另一个方法会抛出以下异常(对我来说，这似乎与上面的原因相同):

org.mockito.exceptions.misusing.InvalidUseOfMatchersException:  
Misplaced argument matcher detected here: 
 
-> at com.example.test.api.login.LoginTest.thatLoginUsesStatusOK(LoginTest.java:45) 
 
You cannot use argument matchers outside of verification or stubbing. 
Examples of correct usage of argument matchers: 
    when(mock.get(anyInt())).thenReturn(null); 
    doThrow(new RuntimeException()).when(mock).someVoidMethod(anyObject()); 
    verify(mock).someMethod(contains("foo")) 
 
Also, this error might show up because you use argument matchers with methods that cannot be mocked. 
Following methods *cannot* be stubbed/verified: final/private/equals()/hashCode(). 
 
    at com.example.test.api.login.LoginTest.setup(LoginTest.java:37) 
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) 
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) 
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) 
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:601) 
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:47) 
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) 
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:44) 
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:24) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:271) 
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:70) 
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

所以，我认为原因可能是我不太了解如何使用 Mockito。你能指出我正确的方向吗？

非常感谢!

请您参考如下方法:

你的问题在于你写的地方

thenReturn(Mockito.any(UserData.class))

any 方法用于匹配测试期间出现的值，而不是用于创建值。您需要指定要返回的 UserData 对象，大概是通过实例化一个对象并将其传递到此处。


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